Art movements come and go as artists feel the need to express themselves in new and different ways. From the mid-18th to the early 19th century, Neoclassicism was the main style of European art. It was named this because the artists tried to create paintings and sculptures in the classical styles of ancient Greece and Rome. To do this, they followed strict rules about calmness, simplicity, balance, and harmony. But towards the end of the 18th century, a new movement of art, called Romanticism, was growing.
Romanticism began because artists wanted to break all the Neoclassical rules. Nature and emotion were important to them, and they no longer wanted to create calm, inexpressive works of art. Romantic artists wanted to express their emotions through the use of strong colors. They looked for subjects to paint that were exciting and interesting.
In France, Romantic artists liked to paint images that included magic, drama, and heroic themes. they painted dramatic battles and scenes that were full of movement. Sometimes they painted individuals, such as Napoleon, showing them as courageous heroes. At other times, they painted individuals in dramatic circumstances, such as wounded soldiers surrounded by clouds and smoke. Some artists painted subjects from literature and their travels to the Middel East.
English Romantic artists mainly painted outdoor scenes. Unlike the Neoclaasical painters, they chose landscapes that were wild and mysterious. Artists such as Constable used a scientific approach. Constable was the first artist to paint ouside. He studied cloud formations and how the light changed depending upon weather conditions. Artists such as Turner created pictures from the imagination, painting snowstorms and seascapes with mixtures of clouds, snow, fire, and the sea.
Romantic painters had an important influence on later artists. Because they experimented with color and other techniques, they introduced new ways of representing their subjects. Their impact can be seen in the works of the later Impressionists.
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