[3끊어쓰기] TOEFL Reading : The Use of the Camera Obscura  

1th paragraph

The precursor of the modern camera,

the camera obscura __________ a darkened enclosure

into which  __________ 

through a lens 

in a small hole.

The image of the illuminated area 

outside the enclusure 

 _________ upside down

if by magic onto a surface

in the darkened enclosure. 

This technique 

__________

as long ago

as the fifth century B. C. in China. 

Aristotle also_____________ 

with it 

in the fourth centruy B. C., 

and Leonardo da Vinci __________

it 

in his notebooks in 1490.

In 1558

Giovanni Battista Della Porta 

___________

in his twenty-volume work 

Magia naturalis(meaning"natural magic") instructions 

for ________ a convex lens 

to _________ the quality of the image 

________ against a canvas or panel 

in the darkened area

where its outlines ____________

Later, 

portable camera obscuras

____________

with interior mirrors and drawing tables

on which the artist _____________ the image. 

For the artist, 

this technique 

_________

forms and linear perspective

to __________ precisely

as they ____________

from a single viewpoint.

Mirros were also _________

to __________ the projected images

to their original positions.