[1끊어읽기] TOEFL Reading : The Use of the Camera Obscura 3  

3th paragraph

In recent times, 

the British artist David Hockney

has published

his investigations

into the secret use of the camera obscura,

claiming that for up to 400 years, 

many of western art's great masters 

probably used 

the device 

to produce almost photographically realistic details

in their paintings.

He includes

in this group Carabaggio, 

Hans Holbein, Leonardo da Vinci, 

Diego Velazquez, Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, 

Agnolo Bronzino, and Jan van Eyck. 

From an artist's point of view, 

Hockney observed

that a camera obscura compresses 

the complicated forms of a three-dimensional scene

into two-dimensional shapes 

that can easily be traced 

and also increase 

the contrast 

between light and dark,

leading to the chiaroscuro artistic term

for a contrast 

between light and dark effect 

seen in many of these paintings.

In jan van Eyck's 

The Marriage of Giovanni Amolfini and Giovanna Cenami, 

the complicated foreshortening a technique 

for representing an image 

in art 

that makes it appear 

to recede in space 

in the chandelier 

and the intricate detail 

in the bride's garments 

are among the clues 

that hockney thinks

point 

to the use of the camera obscura.